SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION OF AZO DERIVATIVES FROM AROMATIC AMINES

Abstract

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and applications of azo derivatives derived from aromatic amines through a two-step process involving diazotization and coupling reactions. The methodology employed primary aromatic amines and optimized conditions to enhance the yield and stability of diazonium salts. Characterization techniques, including UV-Vis, NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy, confirmed the successful formation of azo compounds, revealing their chromogenic properties and structural integrity. The synthesized azo derivatives exhibited promising applications across various industries. In textiles, they demonstrated excellent dyeing properties and high fastness, while selected azo dyes in the food industry showcased non-toxicity and stability, positioning them as suitable food colorants. Additionally, some azo derivatives exhibited antimicrobial properties, indicating potential pharmaceutical applications. Despite these advantages, challenges related to environmental impact, regulatory  compliance, and health risks associated with traditional azo dyes warrant further investigation. Future research should prioritize the development of eco-friendly synthesis methods, evaluate the biodegradability of azo compounds, and explore expanded applications in emerging fields such as organic electronics and biomedicine. Overall, this study underscores the versatility of azo compounds from aromatic amines and emphasizes the necessity of addressing their limitations for sustainable and safe utilization in diverse sectors.