MULTI DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MASS VACCINATION USING WEB APPLICATION

Abstract

Mass vaccination clinics are complex systems that combine professionals who do not typically work
together. Coordinating vaccine preparation and patient intake is critically important to maintain patient flow
equilibrium, requiring continuous communication and shared decision-making to reduce vaccine waste.
Objectives: To develop a mobile application (app) that can address the information needs of vaccination clinic
stakeholders for end-of-day doses decision-making in mass immunization settings; and to understand usability and
clinical implementation among multi-disciplinary users. Methods: Contextual inquiry guided 71.5 hours of
observations to inform design characteristics. Rapid iterative testing and evaluation were performed to validate and
improve the design. Usability and integration were evaluated through observations, interviews, and the system
usability scale. Results: Designing the app required consolidating contextual factors to support information and
workload needs. Twenty-four participants used the app at four clinics who reported its effectiveness in reducing
stress and improving communication efficiency and satisfaction. They also discussed positive workflow changes
and design recommendations to improve its usefulness. The average system usability score was 87 (n = 22).
Discussion: There is significant potential for mobile apps to improve workflow efficiencies for information sharing
and decision-making in vaccination clinics when designed for established cultures and usability, thereby providing
frontline workers with greater time to focus on patient care and immunization needs. However, designing and
implementing digital systems for dynamic settings is challenging when healthcare teams constantly adapt to
evolving complexities. System-level barriers to adoption require further investigation. Future research should
explore the implementation of the app within global contexts.