A Comprehensive Review On Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry And Pharmacology Of Rauvolfia Serpentina L

Abstract

Rauvolfia serpentina, commonly known as Indian snakeroot, is a medicinal plant renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties, primarily attributed to its rich phytochemical composition. The plant is a valuable source of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, each contributing to its therapeutic potential. Alkaloids, especially reserpine, ajmaline, and serpentine, exhibit a range of medicinal effects, including antihypertensive, antispasmodic, tranquilizing, and antiarrhythmic properties. Reserpine, the most prominent alkaloid, plays a significant role in lowering blood pressure and managing stress-related conditions by depleting neurotransmitter stores. Additionally, compounds such as ajmalicine and yohimbine demonstrate efficacy in circulatory disorders and erectile dysfunction. Beyond alkaloids, the plant’s phenolic compounds exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, while tannins and flavonoids are known for their wound healing and anticancer properties. Saponins contribute to bleeding control and wound healing. The plant also contains essential minerals like calcium, zinc, and ascorbic acid, which support overall health. Rauvolfia serpentina has wide-ranging applications in traditional medicine, including its use as a sedative, tranquilizer, and antihypertensive agent, and continues to be explored for its potential in treating cardiovascular, psychiatric, and inflammatory disorders.