Latest Advancements In Vaccine Formulation And Delivery Technologies: Innovations And Future Perspectives"
Keywords:
mRNA, DNA, Vaccine Formulations, Vaccine Delivery Technologies, Global Regulatory Requirements, Vaccine Safety, Artificial Intelligence, Economic ChallengesAbstract
Vaccines have played a pivotal role in global public
health by preventing infectious diseases and
reducing mortality rates. Recent advancements in
vaccine formulation and delivery technologies have
significantly improved immunogenicity, stability,
and accessibility. Traditional vaccine platforms,
including live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines,
have been complemented by novel approaches such
as recombinant subunit vaccines, virus-like
particles, mRNA-based vaccines, and DNA
vaccines. These innovations have led to enhanced
antigen stability, reduced cold chain dependencies,
and improved immune responses.Nanotechnologybased
delivery systems, including lipid
nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric carriers, and
virus-like particles (VLPs), have revolutionized
vaccine formulation by optimizing antigen
presentation and controlled release. Additionally,
innovative administration methods such as
microneedle patches, intranasal vaccines, and oral
formulations have enhanced patient compliance and
broadened vaccine accessibility. Smart delivery
systems using hydrogels and biomaterials further
enable controlled antigen release, minimizing the
need for multiple doses.The challenges of vaccine
formulation include the need for thermostable
vaccines, cold chain-independent formulations, and
advanced stabilizers to ensure prolonged shelf life.
Regulatory hurdles, large-scale manufacturing
complexities, and stringent quality control measures
remain key considerations in vaccine development.
Moreover, emerging technologies such as artificial
intelligence (AI) are contributing to optimized
vaccine design by enhancing antigen selection and
predicting immune responses.Future perspectives in
vaccine development include personalized vaccines
for cancer immunotherapy, neoantigen-based
vaccines, and improved AI-driven predictive
modeling. However, economic and ethical
challenges persist, particularly in ensuring
equitable vaccine distribution across low- and
middle-income countries. This review highlights the
latest advancements in vaccine formulation and
delivery technologies while addressing key
challenges and future directions in the field.
Key words: Vaccine Formulations, Vaccine Delivery
Technologies, Global Regulatory Requirements,
Vaccine Safety, Artificial Intelligence, Economic
Challenges.
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