Early Alzheimer’s Diagnosis Using Neural Networks
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions worldwide, with early diagnosis being crucial for effective intervention. Traditional diagnostic methods are often time-consuming and prone to subjectivity, necessitating automated approaches for improved accuracy and efficiency. This project proposes a deep learning-based framework for early Alzheimer’s detection using a ResNet (Residual Network) model trained on MRI and PET brain scan images. The ResNet architecture is chosen for its ability to learn deep hierarchical features while mitigating vanishing gradient issues, enabling robust classification of Alzheimer’s stages. The dataset is preprocessed to enhance image quality, and the model is trained and evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of deep learning in achieving high diagnostic accuracy, aiding clinicians in early detection and intervention. This work contributes to advancing AI-driven medical diagnostics, offering a scalable and reliable solution for Alzheimer’s screening.
Downloads
References
1. Nguyen, M.; He, T.; An, L.; Alexander, D.C.;
Feng, J.; Yeo, B.T. Predicting Alzheimer’s disease
progression using deep recurrent neural networks.
Neuro Image 2020, 222, 117203. [Cross Ref]
2. Jung, W.; Jun, E.; Suk, H.-I.; Alzheimer’s
Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Deep recurrent
model for individualized prediction of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Neuro Image 2021, 237,
118143. [Cross Ref].
3. Liang, W.; Zhang, K.; Cao, P.; Liu, X.; Yang,
J.; Zaiane, O. Rethinking modeling Alzheimer’s
disease progression from a multi-task learning
perspective with deep recurrent neural network.
Comput. Biol. Med. 2021, 138, 104935 [Cross
Ref].
4. Lin, K.; Jie, B.; Dong, P.; Ding, X.; Bian, W.;
Liu, M. Convolutional recurrent neural network for
dynamic functional MRI analysis and brain disease
identification. Front. Neurosci. 2022, 16, 933660.
[Cross Ref]
5. Bowles, C.; Gunn, R.; Hammers, A.; Rueckert,
D. Modelling the progression of Alzheimer’s
disease in MRI using generative adversarial
networks. In Medical Imaging 2018: Image
Processing; SPIE: Houston, TX, USA, 2018;
Volume 10574, pp. 397–407.
6. Wegmayr, V.; Hörold, M.; Buhmann, J.M.
Generative aging of brain MR-images and
prediction of Alzheimer progression. In Pattern
Recognition: 41st DAGM German Conference,
DAGM GCPR 2019, Dortmund, Germany,
September 10–13, 2019, Proceedings 41; Springer:
Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 247–260
7. Zhao, Y.; Ma, B.; Jiang, P.; Zeng, D.; Wang,
X.; Li, S. Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease
progression with multi-information generative
adversarial network. IEEE J. Biomed. Health
Inform. 2020, 25, 711–719. [Cross Ref]
8. Zhou, X.; Qiu, S.; Joshi, P.S.; Xue, C.; Killiany,
R.J.; Mian, A.Z.; Chin, S.P.; Au, R.; Kolachalama,
V.B. Enhancing magnetic resonance imagingdriven Alzheimer’s disease classification
performance using generative adversarial learning.
Alzheimer’s Res. Ther. 2021, 13, 497. [Cross Ref]
9. Logan, R.; Williams, B.G.; da Silva, M.F.;
Indani, A.; Schcolnicov, N.; Ganguly, A.; Miller,
S.J. Deep convolutional neural networks with ensemble learning and generative adversarial
networks for Alzheimer’s disease image data
classification. Front. Aging Neurosci. 2021, 13,
720226. [Cross Ref]
10. Zhang, J.; He, X.; Qing, L.; Gao, F.; Wang, B.
BPGAN: Brain PET synthesis from MRI using
generative adversarial network for multi-modal
Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. Comput. Methods
Programs Biomed. 2022, 217, 106676. [Cross Ref]
11.Cabreza, J.N.; Solano, G.A.; Ojeda, S.A.;
Munar, V. Anomaly detection for Alzheimer’s
disease in brain MRIS via unsupervised generative
adversarial learning. In Proceedings of the 2022
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence
in Information and Communication (ICAIIC), Jeju
Island, Republic of Korea, 21–24 February 2022;
pp. 1–5.
12. Xia, T.; Sanchez, P.; Qin, C.; Tsaftaris, S.A.
Adversarial counterfactual augmentation:
Application in Alzheimer’s disease classification.
Front. Radiol. 2022, 2, 1039160. [Cross Ref]
13. Parisot, S.; Ktena, S.I.; Ferrante, E.; Lee, M.;
Guerrero, R.; Glocker, B.; Rueckert, D. Disease
prediction using graph convolutional networks:
Application to autism spectrum disorder and
Alzheimer’s disease. Med. Image Anal. 2018, 48,
117–130. [Cross Ref]
14. Zeng, L.; Li, H.; Xiao, T.; Shen, F.; Zhong, Z.
Graph convolutional network with sample and
feature weights for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis.
Inf. Process. Manag. 2022, 59, 102952. [Cross Ref]
15. Ebrahimi-Ghahnavieh, A.; Luo, S.; Chiong, R.
Transfer learning for Alzheimer’s disease detection
on MRI images. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE
International Conference on Industry 4.0, Artificial
Intelligence, and Communications Technology
(IAICT), Bali, Indonesia, 1–3 July 2019; pp. 133–
138.