Development and Assessment of a Microemulsion Containing Aqueous Extract of Tridax Daisy for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

Wound healing represents a complex physiological process involving cellular regeneration, collagen synthesis, and 
tissue remodeling. Traditional medicinal plants have gained significant attention as therapeutic alternatives due to 
their bioactive compounds and minimal side effects. This study aimed to develop and assess a microemulsion 
containing aqueous extract of Tridax procumbens for enhanced wound healing applications. The aqueous extract was 
prepared using standardized extraction methods and incorporated into a microemulsion system using Tween 80 as 
surfactant, propylene glycol as co-surfactant, and isopropyl myristate as the oil phase. Physicochemical 
characterization revealed optimal particle size (78.3 ± 2.1 nm), pH (6.4 ± 0.2), and viscosity (285.7 ± 12.4 cP). In 
vivo wound healing studies using excision wound model in albino rats demonstrated significant wound contraction 
(89.2 ± 3.4%) after 14 days compared to control groups (45.6 ± 4.2%). The microemulsion formulation showed 
enhanced permeation and bioavailability of bioactive compounds including flavonoids and tannins responsible for 
wound healing activity. Histopathological analysis confirmed accelerated epithelialization, increased collagen 
deposition, and enhanced angiogenesis. The developed microemulsion system represents a promising topical delivery 
vehicle for Tridax procumbens extract, offering improved wound healing efficacy through enhanced drug penetration 
and sustained release characteristics.