Agro-Waste-Based Modification of Concrete Properties: A Sustainable Approach

Abstract

This empirical study investigates the enhancement of concrete properties through the incorporation of agricultural residues, specifically rice husk ash (RHA), wheat straw ash (WSA), and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA). The research aims to evaluate the mechanical, durability, and sustainability aspects of concrete modified with these agricultural waste materials. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted using various replacement percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of cement with agricultural residue ashes. The study employed standard testing procedures including compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, water absorption, and chloride penetration tests. Results indicate that optimal replacement levels of 10-15% significantly improve concrete properties, with RHA showing the highest enhancement in compressive strength (18.5% increase at 10% replacement). WSA demonstrated superior performance in reducing water absorption (23% reduction), while SBA exhibited excellent chloride resistance properties. The incorporation of agricultural residues not only enhances concrete performance but also provides an environmentally sustainable solution for agricultural waste management. Economic analysis reveals cost savings of 8-12% in concrete production while maintaining structural integrity. The findings suggest that agricultural residue incorporation represents a viable approach for developing high-performance sustainable concrete with improved mechanical properties and enhanced durability characteristics for construction applications.