Performance Enhancement in Concrete through Sustainable Agro-Waste Additives: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Keywords:
agro-waste, concrete enhancement, sustainability, rice husk ash, palm oil fuel ash, supplementary cementitious materialsAbstract
This comprehensive review examines performance enhancement of concrete through sustainable agro-waste additives as partial cement replacement materials. The study investigates rice husk ash (RHA), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), coconut shell ash (CSA), and other biomass ashes as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Through systematic analysis of 192 research studies, this meta-analysis reveals that optimal replacement levels of 10-20% cement by agro-waste ash significantly enhance compressive strength by 4-15%, tensile strength by 8-20%, and flexural strength by 6-31%. The pozzolanic properties, characterized by high silica content (65-92%), contribute to improved concrete durability through enhanced C-S-H gel formation, reduced permeability, and increased chemical attack resistance. Economic analysis demonstrates 5-15% cost reduction compared to conventional concrete while achieving superior mechanical properties. Results indicate agro-waste additives exhibit enhanced workability, strength development, and long-term durability when properly processed at optimal dosages. Environmental benefits include 8-25% carbon footprint reduction and effective agricultural waste utilization, preventing landfill pollution and promoting sustainable construction practices.
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References
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